Government Studies

Independent Assessment Team,  Summary of Initial Findings on eLoran, January 2009
The IAT unanimously found and recommended to the sponsor and co-sponsor on 13 December 2006 that eLoran be completed and retained as the national backup system for critical safety of life, national and economic security, and quality of life applications currently reliant on position, time, and/or frequency from GPS. View full report here.

Government Accountability Office, GPS - Significant Challenges in Sustaining and Upgrading Widely Used Capabilities, April, 2009
It is uncertain whether the Air Force will be able to acquire new satellites in time to maintain current GPS service without interruption. If not, some military operations and some civilian users could be adversely affected. View full report here.

Department of Homeland Security, Statement on the Adoption of National Backup System to GPS, Feb 7, 2008
Today the U.S. Department of Homeland Security will begin implementing an independent national positioning, navigation and timing system that complements the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the event of an outage or disruption in service. The enhanced Loran, or eLoran, system will be a land-based, independent system and will mitigate any safety, security, or economic effects of a GPS outage or disruption. View full statement here.

Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Vulnerability assessment of the transportation infrastructure Relying on the Global Positioning System, Aug 29, 2001
Backups for positioning and precision timing are necessary for all GPS applications involving the potential for life-threatening situations of major economic or environmental impacts. View full report here.

FAA, Loran's Capability to Mitigate the Impact of a GPS Outage on GPS Position, Navigation and Time Applications, March 2004
The evaluation shows that a modernized Loran-C system could satisfy the current NPA, HEA, and timing/frequency requirements in the conterminous United States and could be used to mitigate the operational effects of a disruption in GPS services, thereby allowing the GPS users to retain the benefits they derive from their use of GPS. View full report here.

General Lighthouse Authroities of the UK and Ireland, The Case for eLoran, May 8, 2006
eLoran is needed both to ensure safety in a higher-risk environment and to deliver aradionavigation dividend - cost savings that result from the introduction of radionavigationservices and their take-up in the maritime sector. View full report here.

Department of Defense, Global Positioning System, A Report to Congress
Infrastructure protection is an ongoing concern in the US. The DHS and the DOT continually assess the adequacy of backup systems for vital transportation functions that rely on GPS. As a result of recent analyses and subsequent discussions, the DHS decision to designate the enhanced Loran (eLoran) system as a national backup to GPS for two dimensional position determination and timing was endorsed by the EXCOM in March 2008. View full report here.

Recomendations Towards a European Union Radionavigation Plan (ERNP), Dec 22, 2004
eLoran is needed both to ensure safety in a higher-risk environment and to deliver a radionavigation dividend - cost savings that result from the introduction of radionavigation services and their take-up in the maritime sector. View full report here.